Ukubuka: 148 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2026-08-20 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thermal kuhlobana ngokuqondile nokulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo ekuthuthweni kwe-cryogenic. Ngisho nokwenyuka okuncane kokuvuza kokushisa kusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Boil-Off Gas (BOG), kuphendule inkokhelo ebalulekile ibe udoti ophumayo. Ama-Fleet operators nonjiniyela bokuthenga babhekana nenselelo eqhubekayo lapho beqinisekisa izimangalo zomkhiqizi mayelana nokusebenza kokufakwa kwezinto. Amasistimu evacuum awonakele, ukuklama okushisayo okungekuhle, noma izinto ezivimbelayo ezihlulekayo zifaka engozini kakhulu ukugcinwa komthwalo okhokhelwayo kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Udinga idatha ethembekile ukuze wenze izinqumo zemikhumbi unolwazi.
Amaphrothokholi okulinganisa ukushisa ajwayelekile embonini ahlinzeka ngedatha eyinhloso edingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlungwe izimpahla zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Static Evaporation Rate (SER), imodeli yokusebenza eguqukayo, nokuhlaziywa kokugcinwa kwe-vacuum kunikeza iwindi elicacile lempilo eshisayo yomkhumbi. Ukuqonda lawa mamethrikhi kuvumela ama-opharetha ukuthi ahlukanise phakathi kobunjiniyela obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okusezingeni eliphansi, okuqinisekisa inzuzo yesikhathi eside nokuphepha emgwaqeni.
Ukuvuza kokushisa ku-trailer yethangi le-cryogenic LNG kulinganiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuhlolwa kwe-Static Evaporation Rate (SER), kukalwa umthamo wegesi ehwamuke ngesikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.
Ubuqotho be-vacuum buyisivikelo esiyinhloko ekudlulisweni kokushisa kwe-convective; ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-vacuum yonyaka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-chemical getters kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwempahla yesikhathi eside.
Ukuhlola ukusebenza okushisayo kudinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezidingo ze-cryogenic kanye nezokuthutha ezicindezelayo ezijwayelekile (isb, ukuqhathanisa i-trailer yethangi le-LNG ene-vacuum ephezulu ne-trailer yethangi le-LPG engafakwanga ngci).
Izinqumo zokuthengwa kwempahla kufanele zilinganise izindleko zokuqala ze-Multi-Layer Super Insulation (MLSI) ngokuqhathaniswa nokongiwa komjikelezo wokuphila we-BOG encishisiwe, umoya omncane, kanye nokulethwa komthwalo okhokhelwayo okukhulisiwe.
I-Boil-Off Gas (BOG) imele ukubonakaliswa ngokomzimba kokungena kokushisa ezindaweni ze-cryogenic. I-Liquefied Natural Gas kufanele ihlale iku-162°C noma ngaphansi ukuze igcine uketshezi lwalo. Lapho amandla angaphandle ashisayo engena ohlelweni lokuqukatha, adlulisela ekulayisheni okuwuketshezi. Ukuziphatha kwe-thermodynamic kwe-LNG kusho ukuthi lokhu kushisa okumuncwa kunikeza ukushisa okucashile kokuhwamuka okudingekayo ekushintsheni kwesigaba. Uketshezi luyabila, luguquke lube yigesi futhi lukhule ngokushesha endaweni evalekile yomkhumbi wangaphakathi. Lokhu kwandiswa akuyona inqubo ehamba kancane; ikhula ngamandla ngisho nokuphulwa okuncane okushisayo.
Umthelela wezezimali wokukhiqizwa kwe-BOG mkhulu futhi uyashesha. Ikhilogremu ngayinye yoketshezi oluhwamukile imele ukulahleka komkhiqizo okuqondile ongakwazi ukutholwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba igesi inqwabelana, umfutho wethangi wangaphakathi ukhuphuka kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha uhambo olude noma izikhathi ezinwetshiwe zokuhlala ezikhumulweni zezindiza, le ngcindezi ingadlula imikhawulo yokusebenza evumelekile yamavalvu okusiza. Lokhu kudinga ukungena okulawulwayo emkhathini ukuze kunqandwe ukuhluleka komkhumbi okuyinhlekelele. Ukukhipha imfucuza komkhiqizo futhi kwethula ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo nokuphepha. Imisebenzi yesimanje yemikhumbi isungula indlela eqinile yempumelelo yokusebenza kwe-thermal, efuna amanani amancane wokuhwamuka kwansuku zonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okuphezulu komthwalo okhokhelwayo kanye namafasitela angenaziro.
Ukushisa kungena a cryogenic LNG tanker trailer ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ukuqhuba kwenzeka ngokuxhumana ngokomzimba phakathi kwemvelo ezungezile kanye nomkhumbi wangaphakathi we-cryogenic. Izisekelo zesakhiwo, amapayipi omkhumbi asuka ngaphakathi kuya kwangaphandle, izinti zokusekela, namabhali angaphakathi asebenza njengamabhuloho ashisayo. Onjiniyela balwa nalokhu ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinokuguquguquka okushisayo okuphansi kakhulu. Isibonelo, izakhiwo zokusekela ze-Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) zinikeza ngokuqhutshwa okushisayo okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezisekelo zensimbi engenasici. Ukushintsha amashubhu entamo yensimbi ngezinye izindlela eziyinhlanganisela kunciphisa kakhulu indlela yokushisa yokusingatha.
I-Convection ihilela ukudluliswa kokushisa kusetshenziswa i-fluid medium, njengomoya noma igesi. Imikhumbi ye-Cryogenic iqeda ukudluliswa kokushisa kwe-gas-phase convective ngokusungula i-vacuum ephezulu endaweni ye-annular phakathi kwamathangi angaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukugcina le vacuum ingaphansi kuka-1 x 10^-4 Torr kuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho nhlobo ama-molecule egesi ukuze athwale ukushisa esikhaleni. Uma i-vacuum incisha, ukudluliswa kokushisa kwe-convective kukhula kakhulu. Imisebe, ukudluliswa kokushisa ngamagagasi kagesi, kuncishiswa kusetshenziswa imigoqo ekhanyayo. I-Multi-layer insulation (MLSI), ehlanganisa izingqimba ezishintshanayo ze-Mylar ne-polyester spacer spacer ephindwe kabili, ikhombisa kahle ukushisa okukhazimulayo kude nomkhumbi wangaphakathi. Inani lezendlalelo kanye nokugoqa okugoqayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwalesi sihlangu esikhazimulayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Static Evaporation Rate (SER) kusebenza njengesilinganiso somkhakha sokuqinisekisa ukuvuza kokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa. Ibuswa ngamazinga aqinile afana ne-CGA 341 ne-EN 13530, ukuhlolwa kwe-SER kunikeza isilinganiso esilawulwayo, esiphindaphindwayo sokusebenza kahle komkhumbi okushisayo. Indlela yokwenza idinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezilawulweni zemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwedatha. I-Liquid nitrogen (LN2) ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yephrofayili yayo yokuphepha kanye ne-delta yezinga lokushisa elimisiwe, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esingaguquki sokuqhathanisa kuwo wonke amaqoqo okukhiqiza ahlukene.
Ukwenza uhlolo olufanele lwe-SER kuhlanganisa ukulandelana okuthile kwemisebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela evumelekile:
Hlanza umkhumbi wangaphakathi ngegesi ye-nitrogen eyomile ukuze ususe umswakama ozungezile futhi uvimbele ukwakheka kweqhwa.
Gcwalisa umkhumbi wangaphakathi kumthamo oshiwo wokuhlola nge-nitrogen ewuketshezi.
Vumela isistimu ukuthi ingene esigabeni sokupholisa ngaphambilini okungenani amahora angama-24 ukuze ifinyelele ukulingana okuphelele kokushisa.
Vala umkhumbi bese uhambisa isitaki se-vent ngokusebenzisa imitha yokugeleza kwe-thermal mass elinganiselwe.
Rekhoda ukulahleka okukhulu noma ukugeleza kwevolumu yegesi ephumayo ngokuqhubekayo esikhathini esingamahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48.
Lungisa idatha eluhlaza yengcindezi ye-barometric ekhona kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okurekhodwe phakathi newindi lokuhlola.
Bala izinga lokuhwamuka kwansuku zonke njengephesenti lomthamo wethangi eliphelele.
Onjiniyela babe sebeguqula le datha yokuhlola ye-LN2 bayenze amamethrikhi wokubilisa we-LNG alinganayo besebenzisa izici zokuguqulwa ezimisiwe ze-thermodynamic ukuze babikezele ukusebenza komhlaba wangempela.
Nakuba i-SER inikeza isisekelo esilawulwayo, i-Dynamic Evaporation Rate (DER) imele imethrikhi yokusebenza yomhlaba wangempela. Ithangi elimile lizwa amandla okushisa ahluke kakhulu kunemoto ehambayo. Ukunyakaza kwemoto, ukusheshisa, ukubhuleka, nokudlidliza komgwaqo kudala ukugeleza kwamanzi ethangini. Lokhu kushibilika kwephula ungqimba lokuhlukanisa okushisayo okwakheka ngokwemvelo oketshezini olunganyakazi lwe-cryogenic, lapho uketshezi olufudumele luhlala khona phezulu bese uketshezi olubandayo luhlala phansi.
Ukuphula lesi sendlalelo sokuhlukanisa kwandisa indawo emanzi yegobolondo elingaphakathi. Idalula uketshezi olupholile ezindaweni ezifudumele kancane zezindonga zethangi kanye nesikhala somhwamuko. Lokhu kusebenzisana kusheshisa ukudluliswa kokushisa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-BOG okulandelayo, ngokuvamile okuphinda kabili izinga lokuhwamuka uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezimile. Abakhiqizi bafaka ama-baffles angaphakathi ukuze banciphise ukuvuza kokushisa okubangelwa i-sloshing. Lezi ziphazamiso zikhawulela ukunyakaza koketshezi, zigcina isendlalelo sokuhlukanisa futhi zinciphise ukusheshisa okuguquguqukayo kokuhwamuka. Idizayini, ukubekwa, kanye ne-thermal conductivity yalezi ziphazamiso kuyizinto ezibalulekile eziguquguqukayo zobunjiniyela.
Ngaphandle kwezimo zasembonini, opharetha bathembele kumasu okulinganisa okusebenza phakathi nokulungiswa okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho obuqhubekayo bokushisa. Ukuhlola Ukunyuka Kwengcindezi, noma Indlela Yethangi Elivaliwe, ihlanganisa ukuvala ithangi nokulinganisa izinga lokukhuphuka komfutho wangaphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokubala ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (dP/dt) ngokumelene nevolumu eyaziwayo nezinga loketshezi, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukulinganisa ngokunembile izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kokukhipha noma iyiphi igesi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvamise ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwetheminali ehleliwe.
Ukuqapha ukubola kwevacuum kunikeza elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga lemishini yemikhumbi. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa i-Pirani esikalini noma amageji e-thermocouple ukuze bafunde amazinga e-vacuum ngokuqondile endaweni yonyaka ngamavalvu okufinyelela azinikele. Ukufundwa kwe-vacuum okwehlisa isithunzi kusebenza njengommeleli oqondile wempilo yokufakelwa. Uma i-vacuum ithambisa isuka ku-10^-4 Torr iye ku-10^-2 Torr, ukudluliswa kokushisa kwe-convective kukhuphuka kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuba sengozini kusistimu yokuqukatha okushisayo, njengokuvuza okuncane kwejakhethi yangaphandle noma ukuphuma komoya ngokweqile, okudinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha kanye ne-vacuum pump-down.
Ukuhlola ukusebenza okushisayo kudinga ukuqonda umehluko ohlukile phakathi kwezidingo ze-cryogenic kanye nokuthutha okucindezelwe okujwayelekile. Ukuhlukaniswa okushisayo okwedlulele okudingekayo kumkhumbi we-cryogenic kuhluke kakhulu nokugxila kokuqukethwe kwengcindezi komkhumbi. I-trailer yethangi ye-LPG . Amaphrothokholi okulinganisa ukuvuza kokushisa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-cryogenic aqine kakhulu ngoba noma yikuphi ukungena kokushisa kubangela ngokuqondile ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo unomphela.
Ngokuphambene, indinganiso I-LPG semi trailer isebenza emazingeni okushisa azungezile. Nakuba ukungena kokushisa okuvela elangeni kwandisa ukucindezela kwangaphakathi, akubangeli ukuguqulwa kwesigaba esisheshayo, esiqhubekayo esibonakala ekuthuthweni kwe-LNG. Ngakho-ke, i-non-insulated Ukumiswa kwe -gas tank semi trailer kugxile ngokuphelele ekuvinjweni kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye namandla omkhiqizo wesakhiwo kunokuhlukaniswa ngokwedlulele okushisayo. Izimiso zokuhlola zale mikhumbi zibeka kuqala ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-hydrostatic ngaphezu kokuqapha izinga lokuhwamuka.
Isici |
I-Cryogenic LNG Tanker Trailer |
I-LPG Tank Trailer / LPG Semi Trailer |
|---|---|---|
ITemp Esebenzayo |
-162°C |
I-ambient (isb, -40 ukuya ku-45°C) |
I-Insulation |
I-vacuum ephezulu + MLSI |
Akukho (noma i-sunshield elula) |
Ingozi Yokuvuza Kokushisa |
Ushintsho lwesigaba (BOG) |
Ukwakhiwa kwengcindezi kuphela |
Ukugxila Okuyinhloko |
Ukuhlukaniswa okushisayo |
Ukubamba ingcindezi ephezulu |
I-Multi-Layer Super Insulation (MLSI) inikeza ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nesisindo esiphansi se-tare, okwandisa umthamo wokulayisha kubaqhubi bemikhumbi. Kodwa-ke, i-MLSI idinga i-vacuum ejulile kakhulu (ngezansi kwe-10 ^ -4 Torr) ukuze ihlale isebenza. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokulungisa ze-MLSI ziyinkimbinkimbi, zidinga izindawo ezikhethekile zamagumbi ahlanzekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa komswakama phakathi kwezingqimba ze-Mylar. Naphezu kobunzima bokukhiqiza, imiphumela yokusebenza ivuna kakhulu i-MLSI yokuthutha uhambo olude ngenxa yokugcinwa komthwalo okhokhelwayo ophakeme kanye nezikhathi zokubamba ezandisiwe.
I-Perlite vacuum insulation iveza isidingo esiphansi semali yokuqala futhi ifaka umklamo oqinile, olula. I-Perlite iyi-granular, i-siliceous material egcwalisa isikhala se-annular, ihlinzeka kokubili ukufakwa nokusekelwa kwesakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, i-perlite isengozini enkulu yokuzinza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokudlidliza komgwaqo njalo kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-chassis. Lokhu kulungisa kudala i-thermal voids, noma izindawo ezishisayo ezingavaliwe, phezulu ethangini, okwandisa kakhulu ukuvuza kokushisa. Abasebenzisi kufanele balinganise ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphansi kwe-perlite ngokuqhathaniswa nemvamisa yokulungisa yesikhathi eside, ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona komthwalo wokukhokha, kanye nenhlawulo yesisindo esindayo ye-tare.
Ukugcina i-vacuum ejulile phakathi nomjikelezo wempilo wempahla weminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 kudinga izindlela zokulondoloza ezisebenzayo. Abakhiqizi bahlanganisa 'ama-getters,' amakhemikhali ngokuvamile ama-compounds asekelwe ku-palladium, ama-molecular sieve, noma izingxube ze-metal oxide, ezibekwe ngendlela enengqondo phakathi nendawo yonyaka. Lawa ma- getters enza umsebenzi wamakhemikhali obalulekile amaphampu e-vacuum angakwazi ukuphindaphinda lapho umkhumbi usuvaliwe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindonga zensimbi zemikhumbi yangaphakathi nengaphandle ziphuma kancane kancane i-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide, futhi zilandele umswakama ovalelwe ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yensimbi. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, la ma-molecule akhishwe umoya azokwehlisa i-vacuum. Abatholi bamakhemikhali bamunca le hydrogen ekhishwe umoya kanye nomswakama, bababophe ngamakhemikhali ezingeni lamangqamuzana. Lokhu kumuncwa okuqhubekayo kulondoloza isikhala esijulile esidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudluliswa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhumbi ugcina i-SER yawo elinganiselwe efekthri iminyaka.
Inzuzo ye-Lifecycle incike kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukulahleka komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokudilizwa. Kufanele uhlaziye ukuhwebelana phakathi kokutshala imali ku-premium insulation kanye nokonga kokusebenza okutholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu kokuthuthukisiwe I-trailer yethangi le-LNG efakwe i-MLSI ithela izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokulahleka komkhiqizo okuncishisiwe kanye nokukhipha umoya kancane kwethangi. Igaloni ngalinye le-LNG elondolozwe ekukhipheni umoya liya ngqo emgqeni ophansi.
Ukubala umthelela wezezimali wesikhathi eside kuhlanganisa ukulandelela amazinga okuhwamuka ashiwo ngumkhiqizi ngokuqhathanisa nobude besikhathi sangempela somzila kanye nezikhathi zokulinda zokugcina. Umkhumbi ophuma umoya njalo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezimo ezishisayo ucekela phansi amamajini enzuzo ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenisa umoya ngokweqile kubangela ukucutshungulwa kokulawula kanye nezinhlawulo ezingaba khona ezindaweni zokulayisha. Ukutshala imali ekuhlukaniseni okushisayo okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo omkhulu womkhiqizo ufika endaweni yokugcina ngokuphepha nangenzuzo.
Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa i-ADR, i-DOT, neSigaba XII se-ASME, zibusa ngokuqinile ukucindezela okukhulu okuvunyelwe ukusebenza (i-MAWP) kanye nemikhawulo yokukhipha umoya yokuthutha i-cryogenic. Izilinganiso eziqinisekisiwe zokuvuza kokushisa ziqinisekisa ukuthobela le mithetho eqinile yokuphepha. Isikhathi sokubamba-isikhathi umkhumbi we-cryogenic ongahlala ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthutha ngaphandle kokukhipha umoya-kunqunywa ngokuqondile izinga lokuvuza lokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuqala lokulayisha.
Idatha enembile ye-SER ivumela opharetha ukubala izikhathi zokubamba ezinembile zezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-ambient kanye nokuminyana komthwalo wokukhokha. Ukweqa lezi zikhathi zokubamba kubeka engcupheni yokucindezela ngokweqile kanye nokukhipha umoya esimweni esiphuthumayo, okwephula imithetho yezokuthutha nokudala izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha emigwaqweni yomphakathi. Ukugcina ubuqotho obushisayo akuyona nje inketho yezomnotho; kuyigunya eliqinile lokulawula eliphoqelelwa iziphathimandla zezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke.
Amazinga okushisa e-ambient adlulele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasehlobo sokuhamba ezindaweni ezisogwadule, athinta kakhulu umehluko wezinga lokushisa (i-delta-T) phakathi komthwalo we-cryogenic kanye nemvelo. I-delta-T enkudlwana isheshisa izinga lokuvuza kokushisa ngomgoqo wokushisa. Abasebenzisi kufanele balandise ngalokhu kuguquguquka kwesizini lapho behlela imizila, bebala izikhathi zokubamba okulindelekile, futhi benquma amazinga aphezulu okugcwalisa.
I-Topography yomzila nobude besikhathi sokuhamba nakho kuthinta kakhulu ukuvuza kokushisa okuguquguqukayo. Imizila yezintaba idinga ukusheshisa njalo, ukubhuleka okuqinile, nokujika amakhona acijile, ukukhulisa uketshezi olugelezayo nokushayela ukhuphuke nge-DER. Izikhathi zokuthutha ezandisiwe zivumela ngokwemvelo ukushisa okwengeziwe ukuthi kungene umkhumbi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhwalithi yokushisa injani. Isofthiwe yokuhlela umzila kufanele ihlanganise lezi ziguquguqukayo eziguquguqukayo, ilungise ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi okulindelekile ngokusekelwe endaweni ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okuphephile, okungenayo indawo yokuphuma.
Ukudlidliza komgwaqo, imithelela ye-pothole, kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-chassis kubangela ingcindezi eqhubekayo yokuqina kwesakhiwo sezisekelo zomkhumbi wangaphakathi. Ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane zamamayela, lokhu kucindezeleka okuphindaphindayo kungethula ama-micro-fissures kumashubhu entamo ye-GFRP noma kubangele amashifu okuqondanisa kwesakhiwo. Lawa mashifu angaminyanisa izendlalelo ze-MLSI, enze amabhuloho amasha ashisayo adlule ukufakwa ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcindezi yemishini ibeka engcupheni yokudala ukuvuza okuncane ejazini langaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokushisela, ukungena kwamapayipi, nama-valve manifolds. Ngisho nokwephulwa kwe-microscopic kuvumela umoya we-ambient ukuthi ungene endaweni ye-annular. Lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-vacuum ngokushesha, ukubanda komswakama emkhunjini ongaphakathi, kanye ne-spike enkulu elandelayo ekudlulisweni kokushisa kwe-convective. Ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-vacuum kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi.
Ingozi enkulu ekuthengweni kwempahla ithola ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-SER yemboni nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo komhlaba wangempela. Abakhiqizi bangase bahlole ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ezilawulwa yisimo sezulu ezingabonisi ukusetshenziswa komgwaqo okuqinile. Ukuze unciphise lobu bungozi, funa isitifiketi esizimele, esivela eceleni sakho konke ukuhlolwa kwe-SER. Ama-ejensi afana ne-Lloyd's Register, i-DNV, noma i-ABS ingafakaza futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kwedatha. Ukwengeza, cela noma iyiphi idatha etholakalayo kuzilinganiso zokuhwamuka kwe-dynamic (DER) noma imodeli yokuhlola i-slosh ukuze uqonde ukuthi umkhumbi usebenza kanjani uma uhamba.
Ukungabekezelelani kahle kokukhiqiza kungakha amabhuloho asendaweni ashisayo adlulele ngokuphelele. Ukushisela okusezingeni eliphansi, ukubekwa ngendlela engafanele kwezisekelo zangaphakathi, noma ukusonga ngokunganaki kwe-MLSI kubeka engcupheni yonke isistimu eshisayo. Nciphisa lokhu ngokudinga i-imaging eshisayo noma i-infrared thermography yejazi langaphandle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubandayo. Lokhu kuhlola kuzothola izindawo ezibandayo ejazini langaphandle, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone futhi ukhiphe amabhuloho asendaweni ashisayo ngaphambi kokuthatha ukulethwa kwempahla. Igunya lokutholwa kokuvuza kwe-helium mass spectrometry kuwo wonke amashisela omngcele we-vacuum.
Ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwe-vacuum phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwempahla kuholela kumazinga we-BOG angamukeleki kanye nenzuzo encishisiwe. Sebenzisa izimfuneko eziqinile zokuthengwa kwempahla zamavalvu okuhlola i-vacuum afinyeleleka kalula, amapayipi amapayipi anejakhethi aqinile, kanye namachweba okulinganisa ajwayelekile. Lawula amashejuli okulungisa ukudonsela phansi kwe-vacuum kuzinkontileka zakho zesevisi. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zakho zokulungisa zinamaphampu akhethekile ane-vacuum ephezulu adingekayo ukuze ubuyisele indawo enyakazayo ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kukho konke ukusebenza komkhumbi.
Ukulinganisa okunembile nokuqinisekiswa kokuvuza kokushisa ngokuhlola kwe-SER kuhlala kungaxoxiswana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kanye nenzuzo yezimpahla zokuthutha ze-cryogenic. Ukuthembela ekusebenzeni okucatshangwayo okushisayo kuveza imikhumbi yakho ekulahlekelweni komkhiqizo ngokungadingekile, ukuguga okusheshisa kakhulu, kanye nengozi enkulu yokulawula. Beka kuqala abakhiqizi abahlinzeka ngedatha ye-SER esobala, yenkampani yangaphandle eqinisekisiwe, basebenzise i-MLSI ethuthukisiwe ukuze uthole isisindo esiphelele se-tare, bahlanganise ama-chemical getters asezingeni eliphezulu, futhi babonise ubunjiniyela bosekelo obuqinile bomkhumbi wangaphakathi.
Hlola izilinganiso zakho zamanje zemikhumbi ye-BOG kanye namalogi wokwenyuka kwengcindezi ukuze uthole isisekelo sokusebenza okushisayo okwamukelekayo.
Cela amashidi anemininingwane ye-thermal, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezinto ze-getter kanye nezitifiketi ze-SER ezivela eceleni, kubo bonke abathengisi abangaba.
Sungula izidingo eziqinile zokugcinwa kwe-vacuum kanye namashejuli okumpompa okuphoqeleka phansi ezinkontileka ezintsha zokuthenga.
Sebenzisa ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwesithombe esishisayo kanye nokuhlola isivacu se-Pirani gauge phakathi nezikhathi zokunakekela ezijwayelekile ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka kwe-vacuum.
A: Izinga lemboni ngokuvamile lisukela phakathi kuka-0.15% kuya ku-0.30% ngosuku ekuhloleni okulingana ne-nitrogen. Lesi silinganiso siyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokufakelwa (i-MLSI vs. perlite), umthamo wethangi eliphelele, kanye nemikhawulo ethile yesikhathi yokubamba edingwa yimithetho yezokuthutha yesifunda.
A: Ukuhlolwa kwe-SER kuhilela ukugcwalisa ithangi elingaphakathi ngoketshezi lwe-cryogenic (njenge-LN2), okuvumela isistimu ukuthi ifinyelele ukulingana okushisayo ngaphezu kwamahora angu-24, bese ikala ngokunembile ivolumu yegesi ephumayo ngesikhathi esimisiwe (imvamisa amahora angama-24-48) ukubala iphesenti lokuhwamuka kwansuku zonke.
A: I-vacuum ejulile esikhaleni se-annular iqeda ama-molecule egesi, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukudluliswa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sivalu, ukushisa okuzungezile kungadlulela ngokushesha emkhunjini ongaphakathi, kubangele ukubila okukhulu kanye nezinga lokucindezela eliyingozi.
A: Izithakitha zamakhemikhali ziyizinto ezisebenzayo ezibekwe endaweni yevacuum. Zimunca i-hydrogen ngamakhemikhali futhi zilandele umswakamo ophuma kancane kancane ezindongeni zethangi lensimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ogcina i-vacuum ejulile edingekayo ukuze kube yedwa okushisayo.
IMPENDULO: I-sloshing iphula isendlalelo sokuhlukanisa esishisayo phakathi koketshezi futhi kwandisa indawo emanzi ngokumelene nezindonga zethangi ezifudumele kancane. Lokhu kusebenzisana kusheshisa ukudluliswa kokushisa futhi kwenyusa i-Dynamic Evaporation Rate (DER) ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
