Igice kimwe cya kabiri ni ubwoko bwimodoka ikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Bikunze kugaragara mumihanda minini, bitwara ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa, kuva imashini ziremereye kugeza kubicuruzwa. Ariko niki gisobanura neza igice kimwe cyimodoka, kandi gitandukaniye he nubundi bwoko bwimodoka namakamyo? Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura ibintu by'ingenzi bya kimwe cya kabiri, harimo igishushanyo mbonera, ibipimo, ubwoko, n'imikoreshereze.
Semi-Trailer ni iki?
A. trailer-trailer ni trailer isanzwe ifatanye namakamyo cyangwa ikamyo. Bitandukanye na romoruki yuzuye, ifite ibiziga haba imbere n'inyuma, igice kimwe cya kabiri gifite uruziga rumwe gusa inyuma. Igice cy'imbere cya romoruki gihagaze ku gikamyo cy'inyuma cy'ikamyo, mu gihe inyuma ihagaze ku buntu ku ruziga rwayo. Igishushanyo nicyo gitandukanya igice kimwe na trailer yuzuye kandi kigira uruhare muburyo bwinshi hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi.
Semi-romoruki ikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara amakamyo maremare no gutwara imizigo kuko ishoboye gutwara imizigo minini, iremereye, kandi nini. Nizo nkingi yinganda zikora ibikoresho byisi, zikoreshwa mugutwara ibicuruzwa hagati yinganda zikora, ububiko, n’ahantu hacururizwa.
Ibigize Semi-Trailer
Ikamyo yimodoka igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi bikorana kugirango ibicuruzwa bitwarwe neza kandi neza:
Ikamyo yikamyo (Prime Mover) : Iki nigice cyimbere cyimodoka, kirimo moteri kandi ishinzwe gukurura igice cyimodoka. Iyi romoruki ikoreshwa na moteri ya mazutu kandi ifite aho ihurira na kimwe cya kabiri.
Semi-Trailer : Igice kimwe cya kabiri nigice kinini gitwara imizigo ifatanye na romoruki yamakamyo. Iyi romoruki yagenewe gutwara ibintu bitandukanye, nk'agasanduku, imashini, cyangwa imizigo yuzuye.
Amapine ya Semi Trailer : Amapine yimodoka yimodoka yabugenewe yabugenewe kugirango akemure imitwaro iremereye hamwe n’imihanda itoroshye yo guhura nayo mugihe cyo gutwara intera ndende. Amapine ya Semi-trailer arakomeye kandi arashobora kwihanganira igitutu cyo gutwara ibiro 80.000 cyangwa birenga, ukurikije ikamyo.
Trailer Axles na Suspension : Semi-romoruki ifite imitambiko ifasha kugabanya uburemere bwimizigo. Sisitemu yo guhagarika ikurura ihungabana kandi igabanya kwambara kuri romoruki n'imizigo.
Uburyo bwo gukubita : Igice kimwe cya kabiri gihuza na romoruki yikamyo ikoresheje inzira. Ubu buryo bwo gukanda butuma igice cya trailer gikomeza pivot, byoroshye kuyobora no guhindura inguni.
Umwanya w'imizigo : Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga romoruki iyo ari yo yose ni umwanya w’imizigo, aho ibicuruzwa bipakirwa mu bwikorezi. Ibi birashobora gutandukana mubunini no mumiterere, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa trailer.
Ubwoko bwa Semi-Trailers
Semi-romoruki ziza muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ibikenerwa bitandukanye ninganda zitwara abantu. Hasi nubwoko busanzwe bwa romoruki :
1. Igice cya kabiri
Igice kimwe cya kabiri kirashobora kuba ubwoko bwinshi bwa trailer. Bafite ikibanza kiringaniye kidafite impande cyangwa igisenge, kibemerera gutwara ibintu binini, binini nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka, imashini, n'indi mizigo minini. Iyi romoruki isanzwe ikoreshwa mugihe imizigo idashobora gutwarwa mumwanya ufunze cyangwa bisaba gupakira no gupakurura byoroshye.
2. Kuma Van Semi-Trailer
Ikinyabiziga cyumye kimwe cya kabiri ni romoruki ifunze ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byabaguzi, ibintu bipfunyitse, hamwe na elegitoroniki. Itanga uburinzi bwikirere kandi ikanemeza ko imizigo ikomeza kuba umutekano mugihe cyo gutambuka.
3. Firigo ya Semi-Trailer (Reba)
Imashini ikonjesha , cyangwa reefer, ifite ibikoresho bigenzurwa nubushyuhe bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa byangirika nkibiryo, imiti, n’imiti. Iyi romoruki ningirakamaro mugukomeza ubusugire bwibicuruzwa byangiza ubushyuhe.
4. Tanker Semi-Trailer
Tanker semi-trailer yagenewe gutwara amazi cyangwa gaze. Ikigega gifite silindrike, kandi izo romoruki zikoreshwa mu gutwara lisansi, imiti, nibindi bintu byamazi. Ibigega byubatswe kugirango birambe kandi bitekanye kugirango birinde kumeneka no kumeneka.
5. Umukunzi wa Semi-Trailer
Igice gito cyimodoka nini yimodoka yagenewe gutwara imitwaro iremereye cyangwa irenze urugero isaba ubutaka buke. Iyi romoruki ifite igorofa yicaye hasi hasi, byoroshye kwikorera no gupakurura ibikoresho biremereye, nk'imashini zubaka, moteri, n'imodoka nini.
6. Umwenda-Uruhande Semi-Trailer
Umwenda ukingiriza igice-trailer ifite umwenda woroshye wuruhande rwakozwe mumyenda, ushobora gukururwa inyuma kugirango byoroshye gupakurura no gupakurura. Iyi romoruki ikoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa bigomba kurindwa ibintu ariko bikeneye kuboneka byihuse kandi byoroshye.
Ibipimo bya Semi-Trailer
Ibipimo bya kimwe cya kabiri ni ngombwa kugirango dusobanukirwe ubushobozi bwabyo nuburyo bihuza numuyoboro wo gutwara abantu. Ibipimo biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa trailer-trailer n'amabwiriza mu turere dutandukanye.
Ibipimo Rusange bya Semi-Trailer:
Uburebure : Uburebure busanzwe bwa kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ni metero 53 (metero 16.15), nubwo itandukaniro rishobora kubaho kubwoko butandukanye bwimodoka. Imodoka zimwe zishobora kuba ngufi cyangwa ndende bitewe n'ubwoko bw'imizigo yagenewe gutwara.
Ubugari : Ubugari busanzwe bwa kimwe cya kabiri ni trailer ya metero 8 (metero 2,59). Nyamara, romoruki zimwe zishobora kuba nini kugirango zemererwe imitwaro minini cyangwa yihariye.
Uburebure : Uburebure bwa kimwe cya kabiri gikururana hagati ya metero 13 na santimetero 4.11 kugeza kuri metero 14 (metero 4.27) bitewe n'amabwiriza kuri buri gihugu cyangwa leta. Imodoka zimwe zihariye, nka boboys, zishobora kugira uburebure bwo hasi kugirango zemere imitwaro iremereye.
Iboneza rya Axle : Semi-trailers irashobora kugira urutonde rwibishushanyo mbonera, harimo kimwe, tandem, na tridem. Kurenza imitambiko yimodoka ifite, nuburemere irashobora gutwara, nubwo ibi nabyo byongera uburebure bwayo.
Amapine ya Semi-Trailer
Amapine yimodoka ya Semi yagenewe kwihanganira uburemere buke bwikamyo n'imizigo yayo. Ipine iratandukanye nipine yimodoka itwara abagenzi bitewe nubunini bwayo, ubwubatsi, nimbaraga. Byubatswe kugirango bimare intera ndende kandi bikemure ibibazo byimitwaro iremereye ninzira mbi.
Ubwoko bwa Amapine ya Semi Trailer:
Amapine ya Radial : Ubu ni ubwoko bwamapine akoreshwa muri trailers imwe. Biraramba, bitanga kugenda neza, kandi bitanga gukurura no gukoresha neza peteroli.
Amapine ya Bias Ply : Aya mapine afite ubwubatsi butandukanye, hamwe nibice bya reberi bitanga imbaraga zinyongera. Amapine ya bias ply akoreshwa mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imizigo ariko ntibikunze kugaragara mugutwara intera ndende ugereranije n'amapine ya radiyo.
Kubungabunga Amapine n'umutekano
Kubungabunga neza amapine yimodoka ningirakamaro kubwumutekano no gukora neza. Kugenzura amapine buri gihe, kugenzura umuvuduko wumwuka, no gusimbuza amapine ashaje birashobora gukumira impanuka, kugabanya gukoresha lisansi, no kongera ubuzima bwipine.
Amakamyo ya Semi-Trailer hamwe na Logistique
Amakamyo ya romoruki ni umutima wo gutwara imizigo. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutwara imizigo minini kandi itandukanye intera ndende ituma biba ingenzi mubucuruzi bwisi. Amakamyo yimodoka irashobora kugaragara mumihanda minini kwisi, igemura ibicuruzwa muruganda, mububiko, no mububiko.
Uruhare mu Isoko ryo gutanga
Amakamyo ya romoruki ni ingenzi mu bikorwa byo gucunga no gutanga amasoko . Bahuza ababikora mubigo bikwirakwiza kandi bifasha kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bitangwa neza. Mugutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi, amakamyo yimodoka yimodoka afasha kugabanya igiciro rusange cyubwikorezi kandi bikarushaho kuba byiza kubigo byimura ibicuruzwa kure.
Amabwiriza no kubahiriza
Imikoreshereze yamakamyo yimodoka igenzurwa cyane ninzego zishinzwe gutwara abantu kugirango umutekano mumihanda. Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo ibintu nkibipimo byuburemere, gutwara imizigo, ibisabwa byipine, hamwe n’ibipimo byangiza. Abatwara amakamyo n'abakora amato bagomba kubahiriza aya mategeko kugirango birinde ibihano no gutwara neza umutekano.
Umwanzuro
Muncamake, igice kimwe cyimodoka nigice cyingenzi mubikoresho byo gutwara abantu. Igizwe na romoruki ihujwe na romoruki yamakamyo, yagenewe gutwara imitwaro minini kandi iremereye. Hamwe nubwoko butandukanye nk'ibitanda, amamodoka yumye, romoruki ikonjesha, hamwe na tanker, kimwe cya kabiri gikora inganda zitandukanye, kuva ubwubatsi kugeza ibikoresho byo kurya. Ibipimo n'ibice bigize romoruki byateguwe kugira ngo byuzuze ibipimo ngenderwaho ndetse n'ibikenewe mu nganda zitandukanye, mu gihe amapine na sisitemu yo guhagarika umutekano bitwara neza kandi neza.
Nka nkingi y’urwego rwogutanga amasoko ku isi, amakamyo yimodoka azakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu kugeza ibicuruzwa aho yerekeza ku isi hose, bigatuma biba ngombwa muri sisitemu zo gutwara abantu zigezweho.
Ibibazo
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya trailer imwe na trailer yuzuye?
Imodoka imwe yimodoka ifite ibiziga inyuma gusa kandi ifatanye na kamyo ya romoruki, mugihe romoruki yuzuye ifite ibiziga imbere n'inyuma, bigatuma itigenga ikamyo.
Uburemere bungana iki bushobora gutwara?
Uburemere bwa kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka gikunze kuva kuri 40.000 kugeza 80.000 pound, bitewe numubare wamahame namabwiriza yihariye yakarere.
Nibihe bipimo bya kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka?
Imodoka imwe isanzwe muri Amerika ifite uburebure bwa metero 53, ubugari bwa metero 8,6, na metero 13,6 z'uburebure. Nyamara, ibyo bipimo birashobora gutandukana ukurikije ubwoko bwimizigo namabwiriza yakarere.
Ni kangahe amapine yimodoka agomba gusimburwa?
Amapine ya Semi-trailer agomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango agaragaze ibimenyetso byangirika. Mubisanzwe, amapine agomba gusimburwa buri myaka 3 kugeza kuri 6, ukurikije imikoreshereze nuburyo bwo kuyitaho.
Niki gikonjesha gikonjesha gikoreshwa?
Igice cya firigo gikonjesha (reefer) gikoreshwa mugutwara ibicuruzwa byangirika bisaba kugenzura ubushyuhe, nkibiryo, imiti, n’imiti.
